Stress is inevitable. Everyone experiences some type and level of it. But it’s not always a bad thing. Certain kinds of stress can have positive effects on a person’s well-being, at least in the right doses. According to Psychology Today, “A little bit of stress, known as ‘acute stress,’ can be exciting—it keeps us active and alert.”When stress reaches an unmanageable level, however, it turns “chronic.” That’s when we become vulnerable to its damaging effects such as health problems and loss of productivity. In the U.S., stress affects more than 100 million people. The leading causes? Money tops the list, followed by work, family and relationships. By one estimate, workplace-related stress alone costs society more than $300 billion per year. To determine the cities where Americans cope best, WalletHub compared more than 180 cities across 39 key metrics. Our data set ranges from average weekly work hours to debt load to divorce and suicide rates. Read on for our findings, expert insight and a full description of our methodology.
Main Findings
Most & Least Stressed Cities in America
Overall Rank* | City | Total Score | ‘Work Stress’ Rank | ‘Financial Stress’ Rank | ‘Family Stress’ Rank | ‘Health & Safety Stress’ Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detroit, MI | 62.72 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
2 | Cleveland, OH | 61.13 | 21 | 1 | 11 | 15 |
3 | Newark, NJ | 59.14 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 70 |
4 | Baltimore, MD | 58.54 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 73 |
5 | Philadelphia, PA | 57.08 | 2 | 14 | 60 | 24 |
6 | St. Louis, MO | 56.78 | 30 | 2 | 52 | 13 |
7 | Cincinnati, OH | 56.21 | 18 | 23 | 40 | 4 |
8 | Birmingham, AL | 55.91 | 95 | 7 | 8 | 18 |
9 | Wilmington, DE | 55.19 | 27 | 31 | 5 | 36 |
10 | Shreveport, LA | 55.04 | 34 | 15 | 26 | 31 |
11 | Toledo, OH | 54.99 | 41 | 16 | 37 | 11 |
12 | Gulfport, MS | 54.60 | 22 | 38 | 23 | 12 |
13 | Akron, OH | 54.53 | 55 | 11 | 71 | 5 |
14 | Milwaukee, WI | 54.42 | 37 | 28 | 16 | 23 |
15 | Memphis, TN | 54.01 | 61 | 5 | 51 | 32 |
16 | Norfolk, VA | 53.24 | 51 | 17 | 20 | 60 |
17 | Fayetteville, NC | 53.22 | 53 | 13 | 47 | 37 |
18 | Charleston, WV | 53.13 | 7 | 99 | 126 | 1 |
19 | Augusta, GA | 52.98 | 84 | 20 | 15 | 48 |
20 | Jackson, MS | 52.33 | 136 | 10 | 25 | 44 |
21 | Richmond, VA | 52.14 | 42 | 33 | 6 | 86 |
22 | Mobile, AL | 52.05 | 94 | 12 | 75 | 19 |
23 | Columbus, GA | 52.03 | 83 | 9 | 28 | 89 |
24 | Chicago, IL | 52.01 | 8 | 27 | 46 | 113 |
25 | New Orleans, LA | 51.96 | 36 | 19 | 112 | 17 |
26 | Huntington, WV | 51.44 | 43 | 53 | 32 | 14 |
27 | Montgomery, AL | 51.17 | 93 | 6 | 100 | 43 |
28 | Indianapolis, IN | 50.94 | 16 | 24 | 136 | 22 |
29 | San Bernardino, CA | 50.84 | 167 | 37 | 1 | 53 |
30 | Rochester, NY | 50.75 | 57 | 47 | 18 | 57 |
31 | Newport News, VA | 50.60 | 56 | 26 | 29 | 90 |
32 | Houston, TX | 50.51 | 20 | 85 | 14 | 81 |
33 | Little Rock, AR | 50.17 | 143 | 18 | 120 | 6 |
34 | Washington, DC | 49.99 | 10 | 118 | 7 | 112 |
35 | Columbia, SC | 49.97 | 134 | 21 | 55 | 33 |
36 | Las Vegas, NV | 49.95 | 72 | 77 | 10 | 58 |
37 | North Las Vegas, NV | 49.71 | 147 | 40 | 9 | 50 |
38 | Fort Smith, AR | 49.69 | 115 | 36 | 85 | 7 |
39 | Atlanta, GA | 49.56 | 19 | 32 | 45 | 129 |
40 | Chattanooga, TN | 49.38 | 91 | 42 | 68 | 20 |
41 | New Haven, CT | 49.15 | 66 | 30 | 94 | 51 |
42 | Miami, FL | 49.03 | 78 | 25 | 21 | 155 |
43 | Phoenix, AZ | 48.89 | 69 | 64 | 31 | 46 |
44 | Albuquerque, NM | 48.79 | 59 | 44 | 76 | 34 |
45 | Baton Rouge, LA | 48.35 | 76 | 43 | 81 | 42 |
46 | Dallas, TX | 48.29 | 40 | 79 | 13 | 132 |
47 | Tulsa, OK | 48.27 | 110 | 55 | 50 | 27 |
48 | Buffalo, NY | 48.22 | 12 | 81 | 101 | 55 |
49 | Spokane, WA | 48.05 | 127 | 97 | 39 | 9 |
50 | Kansas City, MO | 47.86 | 45 | 73 | 117 | 10 |
51 | Jacksonville, FL | 47.86 | 85 | 35 | 107 | 38 |
52 | Bridgeport, CT | 47.73 | 44 | 34 | 96 | 102 |
53 | New York, NY | 47.67 | 5 | 90 | 41 | 156 |
54 | Tacoma, WA | 47.62 | 35 | 129 | 38 | 45 |
55 | Stockton, CA | 47.55 | 80 | 104 | 12 | 94 |
56 | Hialeah, FL | 46.96 | 60 | 29 | 35 | 172 |
57 | Los Angeles, CA | 46.80 | 75 | 72 | 19 | 121 |
58 | Portland, OR | 46.72 | 23 | 111 | 74 | 74 |
59 | Columbus, OH | 46.64 | 39 | 63 | 141 | 26 |
60 | Louisville, KY | 46.54 | 32 | 52 | 155 | 25 |
61 | Tampa, FL | 46.50 | 33 | 83 | 63 | 103 |
62 | Denver, CO | 46.48 | 15 | 116 | 44 | 122 |
63 | Oklahoma City, OK | 46.24 | 48 | 68 | 123 | 41 |
64 | Springfield, MO | 46.23 | 124 | 62 | 132 | 8 |
65 | Orlando, FL | 46.20 | 120 | 48 | 56 | 84 |
66 | Tucson, AZ | 46.15 | 114 | 56 | 64 | 68 |
67 | El Paso, TX | 46.08 | 58 | 96 | 33 | 95 |
68 | Fresno, CA | 46.00 | 156 | 50 | 24 | 93 |
69 | Winston-Salem, NC | 46.00 | 125 | 54 | 77 | 54 |
70 | Corpus Christi, TX | 45.94 | 54 | 138 | 80 | 40 |
71 | Knoxville, TN | 45.73 | 168 | 59 | 97 | 16 |
72 | Bakersfield, CA | 45.65 | 116 | 46 | 93 | 76 |
73 | Wichita, KS | 45.63 | 132 | 78 | 82 | 29 |
74 | Fort Lauderdale, FL | 45.57 | 26 | 45 | 137 | 105 |
75 | Sacramento, CA | 45.44 | 118 | 61 | 22 | 142 |
76 | Pittsburgh, PA | 45.31 | 31 | 74 | 145 | 56 |
77 | San Antonio, TX | 45.31 | 79 | 105 | 83 | 62 |
78 | Glendale, AZ | 45.17 | 139 | 51 | 62 | 85 |
79 | Las Cruces, NM | 45.16 | 113 | 49 | 90 | 92 |
80 | St. Petersburg, FL | 45.09 | 103 | 101 | 109 | 21 |
81 | Providence, RI | 44.95 | 169 | 41 | 89 | 65 |
82 | Greensboro, NC | 44.54 | 92 | 66 | 98 | 88 |
83 | Worcester, MA | 44.48 | 68 | 108 | 73 | 87 |
84 | Nashville, TN | 44.35 | 52 | 95 | 124 | 69 |
85 | Fort Wayne, IN | 44.33 | 160 | 100 | 79 | 28 |
86 | Boston, MA | 44.23 | 67 | 106 | 48 | 135 |
87 | Vancouver, WA | 44.17 | 64 | 103 | 95 | 79 |
88 | Huntsville, AL | 44.11 | 129 | 58 | 114 | 52 |
89 | Dover, DE | 44.11 | 176 | 39 | 42 | 158 |
90 | Brownsville, TX | 44.10 | 155 | 87 | 30 | 98 |
91 | Charlotte, NC | 43.73 | 17 | 102 | 143 | 99 |
92 | Long Beach, CA | 43.60 | 82 | 69 | 69 | 141 |
93 | Moreno Valley, CA | 43.35 | 177 | 71 | 17 | 97 |
94 | Modesto, CA | 43.29 | 122 | 146 | 54 | 77 |
95 | Nampa, ID | 43.28 | 146 | 80 | 67 | 83 |
96 | Chesapeake, VA | 43.13 | 111 | 57 | 125 | 100 |
97 | Honolulu, HI | 43.10 | 13 | 139 | 106 | 149 |
98 | West Valley City, UT | 42.71 | 175 | 112 | 34 | 71 |
99 | Reno, NV | 42.44 | 171 | 142 | 66 | 39 |
100 | Fort Worth, TX | 42.43 | 102 | 119 | 61 | 134 |
101 | Salem, OR | 42.19 | 158 | 127 | 103 | 47 |
102 | Seattle, WA | 42.12 | 65 | 170 | 53 | 104 |
103 | Garland, TX | 42.12 | 131 | 115 | 57 | 130 |
104 | Aurora, CO | 42.12 | 89 | 114 | 99 | 116 |
105 | Jersey City, NJ | 41.96 | 11 | 88 | 133 | 173 |
106 | Arlington, TX | 41.94 | 121 | 110 | 65 | 137 |
107 | Oakland, CA | 41.90 | 77 | 130 | 92 | 128 |
108 | San Francisco, CA | 41.81 | 47 | 168 | 49 | 151 |
109 | Virginia Beach, VA | 41.75 | 99 | 86 | 131 | 117 |
110 | Austin, TX | 41.72 | 46 | 160 | 58 | 161 |
111 | Mesa, AZ | 41.70 | 107 | 89 | 130 | 108 |
111 | Henderson, NV | 41.70 | 108 | 136 | 86 | 111 |
113 | Anchorage, AK | 41.62 | 29 | 174 | 115 | 72 |
114 | Laredo, TX | 41.62 | 166 | 144 | 27 | 140 |
115 | Lewiston, ME | 41.61 | 71 | 82 | 140 | 162 |
116 | Yonkers, NY | 41.54 | 9 | 132 | 116 | 167 |
117 | Ontario, CA | 41.50 | 179 | 75 | 59 | 119 |
118 | Tempe, AZ | 41.35 | 170 | 60 | 111 | 115 |
119 | Minneapolis, MN | 41.27 | 117 | 151 | 78 | 109 |
120 | Oxnard, CA | 41.25 | 140 | 131 | 43 | 143 |
121 | Lubbock, TX | 41.18 | 172 | 134 | 84 | 61 |
122 | Grand Prairie, TX | 41.07 | 135 | 109 | 36 | 159 |
123 | Lexington-Fayette, KY | 40.82 | 49 | 133 | 168 | 67 |
124 | Cape Coral, FL | 40.72 | 50 | 128 | 127 | 154 |
125 | Amarillo, TX | 40.71 | 152 | 159 | 108 | 30 |
126 | Colorado Springs, CO | 40.67 | 88 | 140 | 110 | 125 |
127 | Oceanside, CA | 40.66 | 109 | 94 | 119 | 145 |
128 | Fontana, CA | 40.61 | 174 | 84 | 87 | 126 |
129 | Riverside, CA | 40.57 | 182 | 91 | 70 | 96 |
130 | Cheyenne, WY | 40.41 | 38 | 167 | 153 | 66 |
131 | Grand Rapids, MI | 40.29 | 165 | 152 | 113 | 63 |
132 | Tallahassee, FL | 40.27 | 180 | 22 | 163 | 136 |
133 | Durham, NC | 40.09 | 70 | 157 | 121 | 127 |
134 | Portland, ME | 40.07 | 130 | 93 | 156 | 91 |
135 | Warwick, RI | 40.02 | 87 | 141 | 169 | 59 |
136 | Peoria, AZ | 39.84 | 123 | 107 | 151 | 106 |
137 | Salt Lake City, UT | 39.83 | 150 | 125 | 142 | 78 |
138 | Aurora, IL | 39.73 | 81 | 120 | 134 | 147 |
139 | Port St. Lucie, FL | 39.73 | 159 | 65 | 146 | 120 |
140 | San Diego, CA | 39.71 | 144 | 126 | 72 | 170 |
141 | Santa Clarita, CA | 39.62 | 112 | 70 | 154 | 153 |
142 | Santa Ana, CA | 39.36 | 178 | 76 | 88 | 157 |
143 | Casper, WY | 39.28 | 74 | 155 | 152 | 49 |
144 | Pearl City, HI | 39.19 | 1 | 164 | 148 | 182 |
145 | St. Paul, MN | 39.10 | 101 | 145 | 138 | 131 |
146 | Manchester, NH | 39.09 | 119 | 156 | 144 | 82 |
147 | Glendale, CA | 39.07 | 62 | 117 | 139 | 169 |
148 | Raleigh, NC | 38.87 | 63 | 162 | 122 | 163 |
149 | Irving, TX | 38.76 | 163 | 135 | 91 | 152 |
150 | Rapid City, SD | 38.08 | 100 | 137 | 171 | 75 |
151 | Missoula, MT | 38.08 | 149 | 92 | 173 | 35 |
152 | Anaheim, CA | 38.00 | 157 | 122 | 105 | 168 |
153 | Chula Vista, CA | 37.83 | 126 | 113 | 135 | 177 |
154 | Juneau, AK | 37.78 | 97 | 180 | 129 | 3 |
155 | Burlington, VT | 37.39 | 90 | 67 | 179 | 118 |
156 | Garden Grove, CA | 37.38 | 142 | 98 | 150 | 164 |
157 | Charleston, SC | 37.04 | 153 | 147 | 159 | 114 |
158 | Santa Rosa, CA | 37.04 | 150 | 154 | 104 | 171 |
159 | Rancho Cucamonga, CA | 36.84 | 173 | 148 | 128 | 138 |
160 | Des Moines, IA | 36.78 | 162 | 123 | 165 | 123 |
161 | Columbia, MD | 36.77 | 14 | 175 | 149 | 166 |
162 | Gilbert, AZ | 36.35 | 154 | 124 | 161 | 148 |
163 | Omaha, NE | 36.05 | 137 | 121 | 174 | 107 |
164 | Nashua, NH | 35.92 | 106 | 173 | 164 | 101 |
165 | Chandler, AZ | 35.66 | 164 | 143 | 157 | 144 |
166 | Scottsdale, AZ | 35.59 | 105 | 153 | 167 | 146 |
167 | Madison, WI | 35.58 | 104 | 171 | 160 | 139 |
168 | Huntington Beach, CA | 35.53 | 73 | 163 | 147 | 175 |
169 | Pembroke Pines, FL | 35.41 | 98 | 149 | 162 | 174 |
170 | Boise, ID | 35.09 | 181 | 172 | 118 | 110 |
171 | Billings, MT | 34.84 | 138 | 165 | 175 | 64 |
172 | Lincoln, NE | 34.60 | 141 | 161 | 178 | 80 |
173 | San Jose, CA | 33.23 | 145 | 176 | 102 | 180 |
174 | Cedar Rapids, IA | 33.19 | 148 | 158 | 177 | 133 |
175 | South Burlington, VT | 32.84 | 4 | 177 | 182 | 178 |
176 | Fargo, ND | 31.98 | 161 | 166 | 176 | 124 |
177 | Plano, TX | 31.96 | 128 | 178 | 158 | 176 |
178 | Irvine, CA | 31.79 | 86 | 169 | 166 | 179 |
179 | Overland Park, KS | 31.14 | 96 | 179 | 172 | 165 |
180 | Sioux Falls, SD | 31.06 | 133 | 150 | 181 | 150 |
181 | Bismarck, ND | 30.56 | 25 | 181 | 180 | 160 |
182 | Fremont, CA | 29.19 | 28 | 182 | 170 | 181 |